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Legends to pre-history
(3000-111 B.C.E.) |
| 3000 |
Lac Long Quan |
| 2879-258 |
Hung Vuong |
| 258-207
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An Duong Vuong
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| 207-111
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Trieu Dynasty
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Chinese Millennium
(111 B.C.E. -939 C.E.)
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| 111BC-39C
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1st part of Chinese Millenium |
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Trung Nu Vuong
(40 - 43)
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| 043-544
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2nd part of Chinese Millennium
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Trieu Thi Trinh
(248)
1st Ly Dynasty:
Ly Bon (541 - 544)
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| 603-939
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3rd part of Chinese Millennium
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Mai Thuc Loan (722)
Phung Hung (767 - 791)
Ngo Quyen (939 - 964)
Dinh Bo Linh (968 - 980)
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9 Cen. of Independence
(939 - 1858) |
| 0981-1009 |
Le Hoang
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| 1009-1225 |
Ly Cong Uan
The Ly Dynasty
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| 1225-1440
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Tran Hung Dao
The Tran Dynasty
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| 1400-1407 |
Ho Dynasty
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| 1407-1427 |
Nguyen Trai
Under Minh Rules
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1428-1443
1428-1788
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Le Loi
The Le Dynasty
The Le - Mac fighting
(1527 - 1592) |
| 1752-1792
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Quang Trung
The Tay-Son Dynasty
(1788 - 1802) |
| 1802-1858 |
Bao Dai
The Nguyen Dynasty
(continued through French and Japanese occupation to 1945)
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French & Japan. Occupation (1858 - 1945) |
| 1858-1940 |
French colonization
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| 1940-1945 |
Japanese occupation |
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First Indochina War (1945-1956)
Vietnamese against the return of French rule.
Second Indochina War (1956-1975)
Ho Chi Minh determined to unite Vietnam; Americans determined to halt the spread of Communism in Asia by preventing the unification.
Third Indochina War (1978-1989)
In response to the Khmer Rouge's raids across the border, Vietnamese troops invaded Cambodia.
1989 to the present
Vietnam, still recovering from the decades of wars and reconciling deep historical and cultural divisions, is slowly embracing Western values and systems.
[credit page]
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LE LOI
(1428 - 1443)
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Ho Hoan
Kiem (Returned Sword Lake) |
Le Loi was born in Lam Son (Thanh Hoa province) in 1384. He was known for his courage, wisdom and generosity. The Minh dynasty wanted to use his talent for their system, but Le Loi refused.
The population was by this time in a state of general rebellion against the Minh Dynasty, and revolts broke out throughout the North in support of Le Loi. Le Loi style himself as Binh Dinh Vuong and raise his flag against the Chiness. Le Loi had time to consolidate his forces while the Chinese were occupied with quelling people's rebellions everywhere.
In 1427, Le Loi organized a mock defeat to fool the Chinese reinforcements. Lured into the trap, the Chinese general was ambushed and beheaded, and the rest of his army was defeated in later battles of the same year. With tremendous help of his loyal friends Nguyen Trai and Le Lai, Le Loi founded the Le Dynasty in 1428 and became king under the name of Le Thai To. He changed the country name from An Nam to Dai Viet and started reconstructing the teritory after the devastation caused by the war. It was during this period that Christianity was first introduced to the country. The romanized Quoc Ngu script was developed by a missionary, Alexandre deRhodes; and this form of writing later supplanted the then-current Chinese-type Nom characters.
It has been said while fighting against the Chinese, Le Loi has in his possession a very valuable sword given by a large turtle. After 10 years of continuous struggle, Le Loi reclaimed Vietnam's independence. One day, while sailing on that lake, the turtle appeared. Le Loi said "gods must have lent him the sword to drive back the enemy. Now as Vietnam is free, the sword must be returned", he then gave the sword to the turtle. The turtle grab hold of the sword and submerged. Le Loi then named the lake Ho Hoan Kiem or Lake of the Returned Sword
Le Thai To died in 1443, at the age of 49, leaving the throne to his eleven year old son, Le Thai Tong.
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